/* =====================================================================
   JALIS - Journal of Advances in Library and Information Science
   Modern Premium Editorial Design System
   ===================================================================== */

@import url('https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Cinzel:wght@500;600;700;800&family=Plus+Jakarta+Sans:wght@300;400;500;600;700&family=Merriweather:ital,wght@0,300;0,400;0,700;1,300;1,400&display=swap');

:root {
  /* Color Palette - Refined Academic Indigo & Gold Elegance */
  --primary-deep: #0a192f;
  --primary: #102a43;
  --primary-light: #1e3a5f;
  --accent: #b78a2e;
  --accent-light: #dfb15b;
  --accent-glow: rgba(183, 138, 46, 0.15);
  --crimson: #8b1e2b;
  --emerald: #107050;
  
  --bg-body: #f8fafc;
  --bg-card: #ffffff;
  --bg-alt: #f1f5f9;
  
  --text-main: #1e293b;
  --text-muted: #64748b;
  --text-light: #94a3b8;
  --text-inverse: #ffffff;
  
  --border-color: #e2e8f0;
  --border-focus: #1e3a5f;
  
  /* Shadows */
  --shadow-sm: 0 1px 3px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05), 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.03);
  --shadow-md: 0 4px 6px -1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08), 0 2px 4px -1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.04);
  --shadow-lg: 0 10px 25px -3px rgba(16, 42, 67, 0.1), 0 4px 6px -2px rgba(16, 42, 67, 0.05);
  --shadow-glow: 0 0 25px rgba(183, 138, 46, 0.2);
  
  /* Typography */
  --font-serif: 'Merriweather', Georgia, serif;
  --font-sans: 'Plus Jakarta Sans', -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, sans-serif;
  --font-title: 'Cinzel', 'Merriweather', serif;
  
  --radius-sm: 6px;
  --radius-md: 10px;
  --radius-lg: 16px;
  --radius-full: 9999px;
  
  --transition: all 0.25s cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1);
}

/* Reset & Basics */
*, *::before, *::after {
  box-sizing: border-box;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
}

html {
  scroll-behavior: smooth;
  font-size: 16px;
}

body {
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
  color: var(--text-main);
  background-color: var(--bg-body);
  line-height: 1.65;
  -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
  min-height: 100vh;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
}

a {
  color: var(--primary-light);
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: var(--transition);
}

a:hover {
  color: var(--accent);
}

img {
  max-width: 100%;
  height: auto;
  display: block;
}

.container {
  width: 100%;
  max-width: 1240px;
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 0 1.25rem;
}

/* Top Bar */
.top-meta-bar {
  background: var(--primary-deep);
  color: #cbd5e1;
  font-size: 0.825rem;
  border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.08);
  padding: 0.5rem 0;
}

.top-meta-inner {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  align-items: center;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 0.75rem;
}

.top-meta-badges {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 1rem;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
}

.badge-item {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.35rem;
}

.badge-pill {
  background: rgba(183, 138, 46, 0.2);
  color: var(--accent-light);
  border: 1px solid rgba(183, 138, 46, 0.4);
  padding: 0.15rem 0.5rem;
  border-radius: var(--radius-full);
  font-weight: 600;
  font-size: 0.75rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.5px;
}

.top-meta-links {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 1.25rem;
}

.top-meta-links a {
  color: #94a3b8;
  font-size: 0.825rem;
}

.top-meta-links a:hover {
  color: var(--accent-light);
}

/* Header Masthead */
.masthead {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #0a192f 0%, #102a43 60%, #163659 100%);
  color: var(--text-inverse);
  padding: 1.75rem 0;
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
  border-bottom: 3px solid var(--accent);
}

.masthead::before {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  top: 0; right: 0; bottom: 0; left: 0;
  background: radial-gradient(circle at 85% 30%, rgba(183, 138, 46, 0.12) 0%, transparent 60%);
  pointer-events: none;
}

.masthead-inner {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  position: relative;
  z-index: 1;
  gap: 2rem;
}

.journal-branding {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 1.25rem;
}

.journal-seal {
  width: 72px;
  height: 72px;
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--accent), #7d5918);
  border-radius: 50%;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  color: #fff;
  font-family: var(--font-title);
  box-shadow: 0 4px 15px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3), inset 0 0 10px rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.3);
  border: 2px solid #dfb15b;
  flex-shrink: 0;
  text-align: center;
}

.journal-seal .seal-year {
  font-size: 0.65rem;
  letter-spacing: 1px;
  opacity: 0.85;
}

.journal-seal .seal-abbr {
  font-size: 1.25rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 1px;
  line-height: 1;
}

.journal-title-wrap h1 {
  font-family: var(--font-title);
  font-size: 1.75rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.5px;
  line-height: 1.25;
  color: #ffffff;
  text-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);
}

.journal-tagline {
  color: #94a3b8;
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  margin-top: 0.35rem;
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
  letter-spacing: 0.25px;
}

.journal-tagline span {
  color: var(--accent-light);
  font-weight: 600;
}

.masthead-cta {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.75rem;
  flex-shrink: 0;
}

.btn {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  gap: 0.5rem;
  padding: 0.65rem 1.35rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  border-radius: var(--radius-sm);
  cursor: pointer;
  border: 1px solid transparent;
  transition: var(--transition);
  text-align: center;
}

.btn-primary {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--accent) 0%, #996e1a 100%);
  color: #ffffff !important;
  box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(183, 138, 46, 0.3);
}

.btn-primary:hover {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #dfb15b 0%, var(--accent) 100%);
  transform: translateY(-2px);
  box-shadow: 0 6px 18px rgba(183, 138, 46, 0.4);
}

.btn-outline {
  background: transparent;
  border-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.3);
  color: #ffffff !important;
}

.btn-outline:hover {
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);
  border-color: #ffffff;
}

.btn-admin {
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.12);
  color: #e2e8f0 !important;
  font-size: 0.8rem;
  padding: 0.4rem 0.8rem;
  border-radius: var(--radius-sm);
  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.2);
}

.btn-admin:hover {
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.25);
  color: #ffffff !important;
}

/* Main Navigation Bar */
.main-nav {
  background: #ffffff;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-color);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
  position: sticky;
  top: 0;
  z-index: 100;
}

.nav-container {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
}

.nav-menu {
  list-style: none;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  overflow-x: auto;
}

.nav-item {
  position: relative;
}

.nav-link {
  display: block;
  padding: 1rem 1rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  color: var(--primary);
  white-space: nowrap;
  border-bottom: 2px solid transparent;
  transition: var(--transition);
}

.nav-link:hover,
.nav-item.active .nav-link {
  color: var(--accent);
  border-bottom-color: var(--accent);
  background: rgba(183, 138, 46, 0.04);
}

.nav-dropdown {
  position: absolute;
  top: 100%;
  left: 0;
  background: #ffffff;
  min-width: 230px;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-lg);
  border: 1px solid var(--border-color);
  border-radius: 0 0 var(--radius-md) var(--radius-md);
  opacity: 0;
  visibility: hidden;
  transform: translateY(8px);
  transition: var(--transition);
  z-index: 200;
  list-style: none;
  padding: 0.5rem 0;
}

.nav-item:hover .nav-dropdown {
  opacity: 1;
  visibility: visible;
  transform: translateY(0);
}

.dropdown-trigger-wrapper {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
}

.dropdown-toggle-btn {
  display: none;
  background: none;
  border: none;
  cursor: pointer;
  padding: 0.5rem 0.75rem;
  font-size: 1rem;
  color: var(--primary);
}

.nav-link-submission {
  color: var(--accent) !important;
  font-weight: 700;
}

.dropdown-link {
  display: block;
  padding: 0.65rem 1.25rem;
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  color: var(--text-main);
  font-weight: 500;
}

.dropdown-link:hover {
  background: var(--bg-alt);
  color: var(--accent);
  padding-left: 1.5rem;
}

/* Mobile Toggle */
.mobile-toggle {
  display: none;
  background: none;
  border: none;
  cursor: pointer;
  padding: 0.75rem;
  color: var(--primary);
  font-size: 1.5rem;
}

/* Breadcrumbs & Page Header */
.page-hero {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #f8fafc 0%, #e2e8f0 100%);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-color);
  padding: 2.5rem 0 2rem;
  margin-bottom: 2rem;
}

.page-hero h1 {
  font-family: var(--font-title);
  font-size: 2.25rem;
  color: var(--primary-deep);
  margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}

.page-hero p {
  color: var(--text-muted);
  font-size: 1.05rem;
  max-width: 780px;
}

.breadcrumbs {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.5rem;
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  color: var(--text-muted);
  margin-top: 0.75rem;
}

.breadcrumbs a {
  color: var(--primary-light);
}

/* Hero Section (Homepage) */
.hero-banner {
  background: linear-gradient(180deg, #102a43 0%, #0a192f 100%);
  color: #ffffff;
  padding: 3.5rem 0;
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
}

.hero-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr 340px;
  gap: 2.5rem;
  align-items: center;
}

.hero-content h2 {
  font-family: var(--font-title);
  font-size: 2.35rem;
  line-height: 1.25;
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
  color: #ffffff;
}

.hero-content p {
  font-size: 1.1rem;
  line-height: 1.7;
  color: #cbd5e1;
  margin-bottom: 1.75rem;
}

.hero-stats {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr);
  gap: 1rem;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.05);
  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);
  padding: 1.25rem;
  border-radius: var(--radius-md);
  margin-top: 2rem;
}

.stat-item {
  text-align: center;
}

.stat-number {
  font-family: var(--font-title);
  font-size: 1.75rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--accent-light);
  display: block;
}

.stat-label {
  font-size: 0.75rem;
  color: #94a3b8;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.5px;
}

/* Sidebar Founder Card in Hero */
.founder-card-sidebar {
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.06);
  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.12);
  border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
  padding: 1.5rem;
  text-align: center;
  backdrop-filter: blur(10px);
  box-shadow: 0 15px 35px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
  position: relative;
}

.founder-img-wrapper {
  position: relative;
  width: 140px;
  height: 180px;
  margin: 0 auto 1rem;
  border-radius: var(--radius-md);
  overflow: hidden;
  box-shadow: 0 8px 20px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);
  border: 2px solid var(--accent);
}

.founder-img-wrapper img {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  object-fit: cover;
}

.founder-card-sidebar h4 {
  font-family: var(--font-title);
  font-size: 1.1rem;
  color: #ffffff;
  margin-bottom: 0.25rem;
}

.founder-card-sidebar .founder-tag {
  color: var(--accent-light);
  font-size: 0.8rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.5px;
}

.five-laws-list {
  text-align: left;
  background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.25);
  border-radius: var(--radius-sm);
  padding: 0.75rem 1rem;
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  line-height: 1.45;
  color: #e2e8f0;
  list-style: none;
}

.five-laws-list li {
  margin-bottom: 0.3rem;
  position: relative;
  padding-left: 1rem;
}

.five-laws-list li::before {
  content: '▪';
  color: var(--accent);
  position: absolute;
  left: 0;
  font-size: 1rem;
  line-height: 1;
}

/* Section Containers */
.section {
  padding: 4rem 0;
}

.section-alt {
  background: var(--bg-alt);
}

.section-header {
  text-align: center;
  max-width: 760px;
  margin: 0 auto 3rem;
}

.section-tag {
  display: inline-block;
  color: var(--accent);
  font-size: 0.8rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 1.5px;
  margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}

.section-title {
  font-family: var(--font-title);
  font-size: 2.1rem;
  color: var(--primary-deep);
  line-height: 1.3;
}

.section-subtitle {
  color: var(--text-muted);
  font-size: 1rem;
  margin-top: 0.5rem;
}

/* Indexing Bar & Badges */
.indexing-strip {
  background: #ffffff;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--border-color);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-color);
  padding: 1.75rem 0;
}

.indexing-grid {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 2.5rem;
}

.index-logo-card {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  height: 56px;
  padding: 0.5rem 1rem;
  background: #f8fafc;
  border: 1px solid var(--border-color);
  border-radius: var(--radius-sm);
  transition: var(--transition);
}

.index-logo-card:hover {
  transform: translateY(-3px);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-md);
  border-color: var(--accent);
}

.index-logo-card img {
  max-height: 42px;
  width: auto;
  object-fit: contain;
}

.indexing-text-tags {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  justify-content: center;
  gap: 0.75rem;
  margin-top: 1.25rem;
}

.indexing-tag {
  background: var(--bg-alt);
  color: var(--text-muted);
  font-size: 0.8rem;
  padding: 0.35rem 0.85rem;
  border-radius: var(--radius-full);
  font-weight: 500;
  border: 1px solid var(--border-color);
}

/* Article Cards */
.article-cards-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(360px, 1fr));
  gap: 1.75rem;
}

.article-card {
  background: var(--bg-card);
  border: 1px solid var(--border-color);
  border-radius: var(--radius-md);
  padding: 1.75rem;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  transition: var(--transition);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
  position: relative;
}

.article-card:hover {
  border-color: var(--accent);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-lg);
  transform: translateY(-4px);
}

.article-meta-top {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
  font-size: 0.8rem;
}

.article-issue-badge {
  background: rgba(16, 42, 67, 0.08);
  color: var(--primary);
  font-weight: 600;
  padding: 0.2rem 0.6rem;
  border-radius: var(--radius-sm);
}

.article-pages {
  color: var(--text-muted);
  font-size: 0.8rem;
}

.article-card-title {
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: 1.15rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  line-height: 1.45;
  color: var(--primary-deep);
  margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
}

.article-card-title a {
  color: inherit;
}

.article-card-title a:hover {
  color: var(--accent);
}

.article-card-authors {
  color: var(--text-muted);
  font-size: 0.875rem;
  font-style: italic;
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

.article-card-abstract {
  color: var(--text-main);
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  line-height: 1.6;
  margin-bottom: 1.25rem;
  flex-grow: 1;
  display: -webkit-box;
  -webkit-line-clamp: 3;
  -webkit-box-orient: vertical;
  overflow: hidden;
}

.article-card-footer {
  border-top: 1px solid var(--border-color);
  padding-top: 1rem;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  margin-top: auto;
}

.btn-pdf {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.35rem;
  background: rgba(139, 30, 43, 0.08);
  color: var(--crimson) !important;
  font-weight: 600;
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  padding: 0.45rem 0.9rem;
  border-radius: var(--radius-sm);
  border: 1px solid rgba(139, 30, 43, 0.2);
  transition: var(--transition);
}

.btn-pdf:hover {
  background: var(--crimson);
  color: #ffffff !important;
}

/* Archives Table */
.archive-table-card {
  background: #ffffff;
  border-radius: var(--radius-md);
  border: 1px solid var(--border-color);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
  overflow: hidden;
}

.archive-table {
  width: 100%;
  border-collapse: collapse;
  text-align: left;
}

.archive-table th {
  background: var(--primary);
  color: #ffffff;
  font-family: var(--font-title);
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: 0.5px;
  padding: 1rem 1.25rem;
}

.archive-table td {
  padding: 1rem 1.25rem;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-color);
  font-size: 0.9rem;
}

.archive-table tr:hover td {
  background: #f8fafc;
}

.issue-link-pill {
  display: inline-block;
  background: #f1f5f9;
  color: var(--primary-light);
  font-weight: 600;
  padding: 0.3rem 0.65rem;
  border-radius: var(--radius-sm);
  border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;
  font-size: 0.825rem;
}

.issue-link-pill:hover {
  background: var(--primary);
  color: #ffffff;
  border-color: var(--primary);
}

/* Editorial Board Layout */
.editorial-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(280px, 1fr));
  gap: 1.5rem;
}

.editorial-card {
  background: #ffffff;
  border: 1px solid var(--border-color);
  border-radius: var(--radius-md);
  padding: 1.5rem;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
  transition: var(--transition);
}

.editorial-card:hover {
  border-color: var(--accent);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-md);
  transform: translateY(-2px);
}

.editor-chief-banner {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #ffffff 0%, #f8fafc 100%);
  border: 2px solid var(--accent);
  border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
  padding: 2.25rem;
  margin-bottom: 2.5rem;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-md);
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 2rem;
}

.editor-chief-avatar {
  width: 90px;
  height: 90px;
  background: var(--primary);
  border-radius: 50%;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  color: var(--accent-light);
  font-size: 2.5rem;
  flex-shrink: 0;
  border: 3px solid var(--accent);
}

.editorial-name {
  font-family: var(--font-title);
  font-size: 1.15rem;
  color: var(--primary-deep);
  font-weight: 700;
  margin-bottom: 0.25rem;
}

.editorial-role {
  color: var(--accent);
  font-size: 0.8rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.5px;
  margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}

.editorial-inst {
  color: var(--text-muted);
  font-size: 0.88rem;
}

/* Online Article Submission Form */
.submission-card {
  background: #ffffff;
  border: 1px solid var(--border-color);
  border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-lg);
  padding: 2.5rem;
  max-width: 920px;
  margin: 0 auto;
}

.form-group-title {
  font-family: var(--font-title);
  font-size: 1.25rem;
  color: var(--primary);
  padding-bottom: 0.5rem;
  margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
  border-bottom: 2px solid var(--accent-glow);
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.5rem;
}

.form-row {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
  gap: 1.5rem;
  margin-bottom: 1.25rem;
}

.form-row-3 {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
  gap: 1.25rem;
  margin-bottom: 1.25rem;
}

.form-control-wrap {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 0.4rem;
  margin-bottom: 1.25rem;
}

.form-label {
  font-size: 0.875rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--primary);
}

.form-label .required {
  color: var(--crimson);
}

.form-input,
.form-select,
.form-textarea {
  width: 100%;
  padding: 0.75rem 1rem;
  border: 1px solid var(--border-color);
  border-radius: var(--radius-sm);
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  color: var(--text-main);
  background: #ffffff;
  transition: var(--transition);
}

.form-input:focus,
.form-select:focus,
.form-textarea:focus {
  outline: none;
  border-color: var(--primary-light);
  box-shadow: 0 0 0 3px rgba(30, 58, 95, 0.15);
}

.form-textarea {
  resize: vertical;
  min-height: 120px;
}

.file-drop-zone {
  border: 2px dashed #cbd5e1;
  border-radius: var(--radius-md);
  padding: 2rem;
  text-align: center;
  background: #f8fafc;
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: var(--transition);
}

.file-drop-zone:hover {
  border-color: var(--accent);
  background: #ffffff;
}

.file-drop-zone input[type="file"] {
  display: none;
}

/* Alert Boxes */
.alert {
  padding: 1rem 1.25rem;
  border-radius: var(--radius-sm);
  margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.75rem;
}

.alert-success {
  background: #dcfce7;
  color: #14532d;
  border: 1px solid #86efac;
}

.alert-error {
  background: #fee2e2;
  color: #7f1d1d;
  border: 1px solid #fca5a5;
}

.alert-info {
  background: #e0f2fe;
  color: #0369a1;
  border: 1px solid #7dd3fc;
}

/* Footer */
.site-footer {
  background: #06111f;
  color: #94a3b8;
  margin-top: auto;
  border-top: 3px solid var(--accent);
}

.footer-top {
  padding: 4rem 0 3rem;
}

.footer-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 2fr 1.2fr 1.2fr 1.5fr;
  gap: 2.5rem;
}

.footer-col h4 {
  font-family: var(--font-title);
  color: #ffffff;
  font-size: 1.1rem;
  margin-bottom: 1.25rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.5px;
  position: relative;
  padding-bottom: 0.5rem;
}

.footer-col h4::after {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  left: 0;
  bottom: 0;
  width: 30px;
  height: 2px;
  background: var(--accent);
}

.footer-col p {
  font-size: 0.88rem;
  line-height: 1.7;
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

.footer-links {
  list-style: none;
}

.footer-links li {
  margin-bottom: 0.6rem;
}

.footer-links a {
  color: #94a3b8;
  font-size: 0.88rem;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.4rem;
}

.footer-links a:hover {
  color: var(--accent-light);
  transform: translateX(3px);
}

.footer-bottom {
  background: #03080f;
  border-top: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.06);
  padding: 1.25rem 0;
  font-size: 0.825rem;
  text-align: center;
}

.footer-bottom-inner {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 0.75rem;
}

/* =====================================================================
   RESPONSIVE MEDIA QUERIES & MOBILE DESIGN SYSTEM
   ===================================================================== */

/* ── Mobile Layout Helper Classes ── */
.mobile-two-col,
.mobile-three-col,
.mobile-sidebar-layout {
  display: grid;
  gap: 2rem;
}

/* ── Tablets & Below (≤ 992px) ── */
@media (max-width: 992px) {
  .hero-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 2rem;
  }
  .founder-card-sidebar {
    max-width: 520px;
    margin: 0 auto;
    width: 100%;
  }
  .footer-grid {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
    gap: 2rem;
  }
  .editor-chief-banner {
    flex-direction: column;
    text-align: center;
    padding: 2rem 1.5rem;
    gap: 1.25rem;
  }
  .editor-chief-avatar {
    margin: 0 auto;
  }
  .article-cards-grid {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(280px, 1fr));
  }
  .hero-stats {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
  }

  /* Universal fallback for inline two-column grids */
  div[style*="grid-template-columns: 2fr 1fr"],
  div[style*="grid-template-columns: 1.2fr 0.8fr"],
  div[style*="grid-template-columns: 1fr 1.3fr"],
  div[style*="grid-template-columns: 320px 1fr"] {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr !important;
    gap: 2rem !important;
  }
}

/* ── Mobile Devices (≤ 768px) ── */
@media (max-width: 768px) {
  /* Prevent horizontal scroll entirely */
  html, body {
    overflow-x: hidden;
    width: 100%;
    position: relative;
  }

  .container {
    padding: 0 1rem;
    width: 100%;
    max-width: 100%;
    box-sizing: border-box;
  }

  /* ---- Top Metadata Bar ---- */
  .top-meta-bar {
    padding: 0.5rem 0;
    font-size: 0.78rem;
  }
  .top-meta-inner {
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    text-align: center;
    gap: 0.5rem;
  }
  .top-meta-badges {
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    justify-content: center;
    gap: 0.4rem;
  }
  .top-meta-badges .badge-item {
    font-size: 0.75rem;
  }
  .top-meta-links {
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    justify-content: center;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 0.75rem;
  }
  .top-meta-links a {
    font-size: 0.78rem;
  }
  .btn-admin {
    padding: 0.35rem 0.7rem;
    font-size: 0.75rem;
  }

  /* ---- Header Masthead ---- */
  .masthead {
    padding: 1.25rem 0;
  }
  .masthead-inner {
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: center;
    text-align: center;
    gap: 1.15rem;
  }
  .journal-branding {
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: center;
    text-align: center;
    gap: 0.85rem;
    width: 100%;
  }
  .journal-seal {
    width: 58px;
    height: 58px;
    margin: 0 auto;
  }
  .journal-seal .seal-year {
    font-size: 0.58rem;
  }
  .journal-seal .seal-abbr {
    font-size: 1.1rem;
  }
  .journal-title-wrap {
    width: 100%;
    text-align: center;
  }
  .journal-title-wrap h1 {
    font-size: 1.3rem;
    line-height: 1.3;
    margin: 0 auto;
    max-width: 100%;
    word-wrap: break-word;
  }
  .journal-tagline {
    font-size: 0.8rem;
    line-height: 1.45;
    margin-top: 0.35rem;
    max-width: 100%;
  }
  .masthead-cta {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: center;
    align-items: center;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    width: 100%;
    gap: 0.65rem;
  }
  .masthead-cta .btn {
    flex: 1 1 calc(50% - 0.5rem);
    min-width: 135px;
    font-size: 0.82rem;
    padding: 0.6rem 0.85rem;
    text-align: center;
    box-sizing: border-box;
  }

  /* ---- Mobile Navigation Bar ---- */
  .main-nav {
    position: sticky;
    top: 0;
    z-index: 1000;
    background: #ffffff;
    box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12);
  }
  .nav-container {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    padding: 0;
    width: 100%;
  }
  .mobile-toggle {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: space-between;
    width: 100%;
    padding: 0.85rem 1.25rem;
    font-size: 1.05rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    font-family: var(--font-sans);
    color: var(--primary-deep);
    background: #ffffff;
    border: none;
    border-bottom: 2px solid var(--accent);
    cursor: pointer;
    box-sizing: border-box;
    transition: var(--transition);
  }
  .mobile-toggle:hover {
    background: #f8fafc;
  }
  .mobile-toggle-icon {
    font-size: 1.35rem;
    line-height: 1;
    color: var(--accent);
  }
  .mobile-toggle-text {
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.5px;
  }
  .mobile-toggle.is-active {
    background: var(--primary-deep);
    color: #ffffff;
    border-bottom-color: var(--accent);
  }
  .mobile-toggle.is-active .mobile-toggle-icon {
    color: var(--accent-light);
  }

  /* Expandable Menu Drawer */
  .nav-menu {
    display: none;
    flex-direction: column;
    width: 100%;
    background: #ffffff;
    border-bottom: 3px solid var(--accent);
    max-height: calc(85vh - 60px);
    overflow-y: auto;
    -webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch;
    box-shadow: 0 10px 25px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0.25rem 0 1rem;
    box-sizing: border-box;
  }
  .nav-menu.active {
    display: flex !important;
  }
  .nav-item {
    width: 100%;
    border-bottom: 1px solid #f1f5f9;
  }
  .nav-link {
    display: block;
    width: 100%;
    padding: 0.85rem 1.25rem;
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--primary);
    border-bottom: none;
    box-sizing: border-box;
  }
  .nav-link:hover,
  .nav-item.active > .nav-link,
  .nav-item.active > .dropdown-trigger-wrapper > .nav-link {
    background: #f8fafc;
    color: var(--accent);
    border-left: 4px solid var(--accent);
    padding-left: 1.15rem;
  }
  .nav-link-submission {
    color: var(--accent) !important;
    font-weight: 700 !important;
    background: rgba(183, 138, 46, 0.08);
  }

  /* Submenu Dropdown Accordion */
  .dropdown-trigger-wrapper {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: space-between;
    width: 100%;
  }
  .dropdown-trigger-wrapper .nav-link {
    flex-grow: 1;
  }
  .dropdown-toggle-btn {
    display: inline-flex !important;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    width: 48px;
    height: 48px;
    background: transparent;
    border: none;
    border-left: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
    font-size: 1.2rem;
    color: var(--primary);
    cursor: pointer;
    transition: var(--transition);
  }
  .dropdown-toggle-btn:hover {
    background: var(--bg-alt);
    color: var(--accent);
  }
  .nav-item.dropdown-open .dropdown-toggle-btn {
    transform: rotate(180deg);
    color: var(--accent);
  }
  .nav-dropdown {
    position: static !important;
    box-shadow: none !important;
    border: none !important;
    border-top: 1px dashed #cbd5e1;
    background: #f8fafc;
    padding: 0.25rem 0 0.5rem 0;
    display: none !important;
    visibility: visible !important;
    opacity: 1 !important;
    transform: none !important;
    min-width: 100% !important;
    width: 100% !important;
    border-radius: 0 !important;
    box-sizing: border-box;
  }
  .nav-item.dropdown-open .nav-dropdown {
    display: block !important;
  }
  .dropdown-link {
    padding: 0.65rem 1.5rem 0.65rem 2rem;
    font-size: 0.88rem;
    color: var(--text-main);
    border-bottom: 1px solid #f1f5f9;
  }
  .dropdown-link:hover {
    background: #edf2f7;
    color: var(--accent);
    padding-left: 2.25rem;
  }

  /* ---- Page Hero & Section Headers ---- */
  .page-hero {
    padding: 1.5rem 0 1.25rem;
    margin-bottom: 1.25rem;
  }
  .page-hero h1 {
    font-size: 1.45rem;
    line-height: 1.3;
  }
  .page-hero p {
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    line-height: 1.5;
  }
  .breadcrumbs {
    font-size: 0.8rem;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 0.35rem;
  }
  .section {
    padding: 2.5rem 0;
  }
  .section-header {
    margin-bottom: 2rem;
  }
  .section-title {
    font-size: 1.5rem;
    line-height: 1.3;
  }
  .section-subtitle {
    font-size: 0.92rem;
  }

  /* ---- Hero Banner (Homepage) ---- */
  .hero-banner {
    padding: 2.25rem 0;
  }
  .hero-content h2 {
    font-size: 1.55rem;
    line-height: 1.3;
    margin-bottom: 0.85rem;
  }
  .hero-content p {
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    line-height: 1.6;
    margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
  }
  .hero-stats {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
    gap: 0.75rem;
    padding: 1rem;
    margin-top: 1.5rem;
  }
  .stat-number {
    font-size: 1.35rem;
  }
  .stat-label {
    font-size: 0.7rem;
  }

  /* ---- All Page Grids: Fallback to Single Column ---- */
  div[style*="display: grid"],
  section[style*="display: grid"] {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr !important;
    gap: 1.5rem !important;
  }

  /* ---- Article Cards Grid ---- */
  .article-cards-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr !important;
    gap: 1.25rem;
  }
  .article-card {
    padding: 1.25rem;
  }
  .article-card-title {
    font-size: 1.05rem;
    line-height: 1.4;
  }
  .article-card-authors {
    font-size: 0.825rem;
  }
  .article-card-abstract {
    font-size: 0.88rem;
    line-height: 1.55;
  }
  .article-card-footer {
    flex-direction: row;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 0.75rem;
    justify-content: space-between;
  }

  /* Current issue paper cards */
  div[style*="padding: 1.75rem 2rem"][style*="box-shadow"] {
    padding: 1.25rem 1rem !important;
    flex-direction: column !important;
    align-items: flex-start !important;
    gap: 1rem !important;
  }
  div[style*="padding: 1.75rem 2rem"] > div:first-child {
    min-width: 100% !important;
    width: 100% !important;
  }
  div[style*="padding: 1.75rem 2rem"] > div:last-child {
    width: 100% !important;
  }
  div[style*="padding: 1.75rem 2rem"] .btn {
    width: 100% !important;
    box-sizing: border-box;
    text-align: center;
  }

  /* ---- Tables: Full Horizontal Scroll Safety ---- */
  .archive-table-card,
  div[style*="overflow-x: auto"] {
    width: 100% !important;
    overflow-x: auto !important;
    -webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch !important;
    margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
    box-sizing: border-box;
  }
  .archive-table {
    min-width: 540px !important;
    width: 100% !important;
  }
  .archive-table th,
  .archive-table td {
    padding: 0.65rem 0.85rem;
    font-size: 0.82rem;
    white-space: normal;
  }

  /* ---- Editorial Board Grid ---- */
  .editorial-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr !important;
    gap: 1rem;
  }
  .editorial-card {
    padding: 1.25rem;
  }
  .editor-chief-banner {
    padding: 1.5rem 1rem;
    text-align: center;
  }
  .editor-chief-avatar {
    width: 72px;
    height: 72px;
    font-size: 2rem;
  }
  .editor-chief-banner h2 {
    font-size: 1.45rem;
  }

  /* ---- Forms & Submissions ---- */
  .submission-card {
    padding: 1.25rem 1rem;
    border-radius: var(--radius-md);
  }
  .form-group-title {
    font-size: 1.05rem;
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
  }
  .form-row,
  .form-row-3 {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr !important;
    gap: 0 !important;
  }
  .form-input,
  .form-select,
  .form-textarea {
    font-size: 1rem; /* Prevents auto-zoom in iOS Safari */
    padding: 0.75rem 0.85rem;
  }
  .file-drop-zone {
    padding: 1.5rem 1rem;
  }

  /* ---- Indexing Partner Logos Strip ---- */
  .indexing-strip {
    padding: 1.25rem 0;
  }
  .indexing-grid {
    gap: 0.75rem;
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    justify-content: center;
  }
  .index-logo-card {
    height: 42px;
    padding: 0.35rem 0.65rem;
    flex: 0 1 calc(50% - 0.75rem);
    box-sizing: border-box;
  }
  .index-logo-card img {
    max-height: 32px;
  }
  .indexing-text-tags {
    gap: 0.5rem;
    margin-top: 1rem;
  }
  .indexing-tag {
    font-size: 0.75rem;
    padding: 0.25rem 0.65rem;
  }

  /* ---- Site Footer ---- */
  .footer-top {
    padding: 2.5rem 0 1.5rem;
  }
  .footer-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr !important;
    gap: 2rem;
  }
  .footer-col h4 {
    font-size: 1.05rem;
    margin-bottom: 0.85rem;
  }
  .footer-bottom {
    padding: 1rem 0;
    font-size: 0.78rem;
  }
  .footer-bottom-inner {
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: center;
    text-align: center;
    gap: 0.5rem;
  }

  /* Generic Button Adaptations */
  .btn {
    font-size: 0.88rem;
    padding: 0.65rem 1.15rem;
  }
}

/* ── Small Smartphones (≤ 480px) ── */
@media (max-width: 480px) {
  html {
    font-size: 15px;
  }
  .container {
    padding: 0 0.85rem;
  }

  /* Top bar compacting */
  .top-meta-bar {
    padding: 0.4rem 0;
  }
  .top-meta-badges .badge-item:nth-child(3),
  .top-meta-badges .badge-item:nth-child(4) {
    display: none; /* Keep ISSN & Impact factor pills on tiny screens */
  }
  .top-meta-links a:not(.btn-admin) {
    display: none; /* Keep quick editorial login button */
  }

  /* Masthead Typography */
  .journal-seal {
    width: 52px;
    height: 52px;
  }
  .journal-seal .seal-abbr {
    font-size: 1rem;
  }
  .journal-title-wrap h1 {
    font-size: 1.15rem;
  }
  .journal-tagline {
    font-size: 0.75rem;
  }
  .masthead-cta .btn {
    flex: 1 1 100%;
    width: 100%;
    font-size: 0.8rem;
    padding: 0.55rem 0.75rem;
  }

  /* Headings */
  .page-hero h1 {
    font-size: 1.25rem;
  }
  .section-title {
    font-size: 1.35rem;
  }
  .hero-content h2 {
    font-size: 1.35rem;
  }

  /* Hero Stats */
  .hero-stats {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
    gap: 0.5rem;
    padding: 0.75rem 0.5rem;
  }
  .stat-number {
    font-size: 1.2rem;
  }
  .stat-label {
    font-size: 0.68rem;
  }

  /* Cards & Forms */
  .article-card {
    padding: 1rem;
  }
  .submission-card {
    padding: 1rem 0.75rem;
  }

  /* Indexing logos: 2 per line */
  .index-logo-card {
    flex: 0 1 calc(50% - 0.5rem);
    height: 38px;
    padding: 0.25rem 0.5rem;
  }
  .index-logo-card img {
    max-height: 28px;
  }
}